What is a Status of Residence, and How is it Different from a Visa?
To live and work in Japan, non-Japanese residents must obtain a Status of Residence that aligns with their intended activities. While people often refer to a visa and a Status of Residence interchangeably, they serve different purposes:
- A visa is a stamp on your passport issued by a Japanese embassy or consulate, allowing you to enter Japan.
- A Status of Residence determines the legal activities you can engage in while staying in Japan.
Japan has a total of 38 types of Statuses of Residence, categorized into two main groups:
- Work-Based Statuses (“Working Visa”) – These are granted based on your job type, such as:
- Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services Visa (技術・人文知識・国際業務ビザ)
- Skilled Labor Visa (技能ビザ)
- Residential Statuses – Based on personal status, allowing unrestricted activities, such as:
- Permanent Resident
- Spouse or Child of a Japanese National
- Spouse or Child of a Permanent Resident
If your current Status of Residence does not permit your desired activity, you must apply for a Change of Status of Residence.
Step-by-Step Guide: Entering Japan and Starting a New Life
Step 1: Check Your Passport Validity
If your passport is expiring soon, renew it before starting the visa process.
Step 2: Obtain a Certificate of Eligibility (CoE)
- The CoE is issued by Japan’s Ministry of Justice to confirm eligibility for a specific Status of Residence.
- Employers, schools, or legal representatives can apply on behalf of applicants.
- Processing takes several months.
Step 3: Apply for a Visa (Embassy/Consulate Stamp)
- Once you receive the CoE, apply for a visa at your nearest Japanese embassy or consulate.
- Required documents vary by country, so check with the respective consulate.
Step 4: Entry into Japan & Residence Card Issuance
- CoE validity: 3 months from issuance.
- Upon arrival, present your visa and CoE to immigration officers.
- Receive a Residence Card (在留カード), which must be carried at all times.
Step 5: Register Your Address
- Within 14 days, visit the local municipal office to register your address.
- This is necessary for opening a bank account, signing housing contracts, and receiving health insurance.
Changing Your Status of Residence
If you need to change jobs or activities, you must apply for a Change of Status of Residence. Examples:
- International Students → Engineer/Specialist in Humanities Visa (for full-time jobs)
- Graduates Seeking Jobs → Designated Activities Visa (job-hunting extension)
- Company Employees Starting a Business → Business Manager Visa
Application Process:
- Collect the required documents (varies by new status type).
- Submit to the local Immigration Bureau.
- Pay the 4,000 yen fee.
- Processing time: 1–2 months.
Additional Tips for a Smooth Transition
- Set up a bank account: Required for salary payments and renting accommodation.
- Get a mobile phone plan: Many providers require a Residence Card.
- Health insurance & pension: Enrollment is mandatory for long-term residents.
Final Thoughts
Understanding the Status of Residence system is crucial for a smooth transition into Japan. Whether you’re coming for work, study, or family reasons, ensuring that your Status of Residence aligns with your intended activities will help you settle in without legal complications.
For official details, visit the Japan Immigration Services Agency website.
